Draft:Outline of biogeography

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to biogeography:

Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time. Organisms and biological communities often vary in a regular fashion along geographic gradients of latitude, elevation, isolation and habitat area. Phytogeography is the branch of biogeography that studies the distribution of plants. Zoogeography is the branch that studies distribution of animals. Mycogeography is the branch that studies distribution of fungi, such as mushrooms.

What type of thing is biogeography?

Biogeography can be described as all of the following:

A branch of biology that studies the distribution of species and ecosystems.
An interdisciplinary field that incorporates concepts from ecology, evolutionary biology, geology, and climatology.

Branches of biogeography

Phytogeography – the study of plant distribution.
Zoogeography – the study of animal distribution.
Historical biogeography – focuses on the historical factors influencing species distribution.
Ecological biogeography – examines the ecological factors affecting species distribution.
Conservation biogeography – aims to understand and manage biodiversity.

History of biogeography

Main article: History of biogeography

General biogeography concepts

Biogeographic region – areas defined by distinct flora and fauna.
Endemism – species that are native to a single defined geographic location.
Dispersal (biology) – the movement of organisms from one place to another.
Vicariance – geographical separation of a population, typically by a physical barrier.

Biogeography publications

Journal of Biogeography – a leading journal in the field.
Global Ecology and Biogeography – focuses on global patterns in ecology and biogeography.
Ecography – publishes research on ecological patterns and processes.

Biogeography organizations

International Biogeography Society – promotes research and education in biogeography.
Society for Conservation Biology – includes biogeographical studies in conservation efforts.

Persons influential in biogeography

Léon Croizat – known for his work in historical biogeography.
P. Jackson Darlington, Jr. – contributed to vertebrate zoogeography.
Sven P. Ekman – notable for his studies in marine biogeography.
Louise Filion – recognized for her work in phytogeographical studies.
Henri Gaussen – known for his contributions to climate and vegetation studies.
Jürgen Haffer – proposed theories on speciation and distribution patterns.
Sally P. Horn – researched climate change impacts on biodiversity.
Richard Lydekker – known for his work on zoogeographic regions.
Paul Müller – contributed to ecological and conservation biogeography.
Robert Ornduff – focused on plant geography and conservation.
Raúl Adolfo Ringuelet – studied freshwater fish distributions in South America.
Ian Simmons – known for his contributions to historical biogeography.
Charles H. Smith – explored the history of biological classification.
Boris K. Stegmann – worked on ecological modeling related to biogeographic patterns.
David Stoddart – studied island biogeography and ecology.
Philip Stott – researched climate change effects on species distribution.
Joy Tivy – contributed to landscape ecology and its relation to biogeography.
Miklos Udvardy – developed a classification system for biogeographical provinces.
Thomas T. Veblen – studied forest ecosystems and their geographical distributions.
Alfred Russel Wallace – co-developer of the theory of evolution; significant contributions to zoogeography.
Max Carl Wilhelm Weber – known for his work on faunal regions and distribution patterns.
E. O. Wilson – influential in biodiversity studies and conservation biology.