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List of Italian scientists

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of notable Italian scientists organized by the era in which they were active.

Ancient

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Middle Ages

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  • Mondino de Liuzzi (c. 1270–1326), physician and anatomist whose Anathomia corporis humani (MS. 1316; first printed in 1478) was the first modern work on anatomy
  • Guido da Vigevano (c. 1280–c. 1349), physician and inventor who became one of the first writers to include illustrations in a work on anatomy[1]
  • Trotula (11th–12th centuries), physician who wrote several influential works on women's medicine; whose texts on gynecology and obstetrics were widely used for several hundred years in Europe
  • Rogerius (before 1140–c. 1195), surgeon who wrote a work on medicine entitled Practica Chirurgiae ("The Practice of Surgery") around 1180
  • Roland of Parma (1198–c. 1250), surgeon whose commentary on his teacher's Practica Chirurgiae, known as the Rolandina, became the standard surgical textbook in the West for the next three centuries
  • Giovanni Dondi dell'Orologio (1330–1388), doctor and clock-maker at Padua, son of Jacopo Dondi, builder of the Astrarium
  • Jacopo Dondi dell'Orologio (1293–1359), doctor and clock-maker at Padua, father of Giovanni
  • Leonardo Fibonacci (c. 1170–c. 1250), mathematician, eponym of the Fibonacci number sequence, considered to be the most talented Western mathematician of the Middle Ages[2]

Renaissance

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  • Leon Battista Alberti (1404–1472), humanist, art theorist, artist, architect, philosopher, engineer, mathematician, inventor, and author, considered the prototype of the Renaissance universal man
  • Benedetto Cotrugli (1416–1469), merchant, economist, scientist, diplomat and humanist; his Della mercatura e del mercante perfetto contains an early description of the double-entry bookkeeping system, predating Luca Pacioli's Summa de arithmetica of 1494
  • Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519), philosopher, astronomer, architect, engineer, inventor, mathematician, anatomist, geologist, cartographer, sculptor, botanist, writer, father of hydraulic science, painter of Mona Lisa and Last Supper, regarded by many as the greatest genius in history
  • Domenico Maria Novara (1454–1504), professor of astronomy at the University of Bologna for 21 years, had Nicolaus Copernicus among his notable students
  • Vannoccio Biringuccio (c. 1480–c. 1539), engineer and metallurgist whose work De la pirotechnia pioneered scientific and technical literature.[3]
  • Jacopo Berengario da Carpi (c. 1460–c. 1530), physician and anatomist who was the first to describe the heart valves[4]
  • Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli (1397–1482), mathematician, astronomer and cosmographer who influenced Christopher Columbus
  • Piero Borgi (1424–1484), mathematician, author of many of the best books on arithmetic written in the 15th Century
  • Francesco Maurolico (1494–1575), mathematician and astronomer, made contributions to the fields of geometry, optics, conics, mechanics and music, edited the works of classical authors as Archimedes, Apollonius, Theodosius and many others
  • Ulisse Aldrovandi (1522–1605), naturalist, noted for his systematic and accurate observations of animals, plants and minerals
  • Gaspare Aselli (c. 1581–1625), physician who contributed to the knowledge of the circulation of body fluids by discovering the lacteal vessels[5]
  • Gerolamo Cardano (1501–1576), mathematician and physician; initiated the general theory of cubic and quartic equations; emphasized the need for both negative and complex numbers
  • Bartolomeo Eustachi (1500 or 1514–1574), anatomist, described many structures in the human body, including the Eustachian tube of the ear
  • Federico Commandino (1509–1575), humanist and mathematician, translator of many works of ancient mathematicians, the proposition known as Commandino's theorem first appears in his work on centers of gravity
  • Giacomo Antonio Cortuso (1513–1603), botanist
  • Andrea Cesalpino (1519–1603), physician, philosopher and botanist, produced the first scientific classification of plants and animals by genera and species
  • Realdo Colombo (c. 1516–1559), one of the first anatomists in the Western world to describe pulmonary circulation
  • Costanzo Varolio (1543–1575), remembered for his studies on the anatomy of the brain, and his description of the pons that bears his name
  • Gasparo Tagliacozzi (1546–1599), plastic surgeon; considered a pioneer in the field; called the father of plastic surgery
  • Girolamo Fracastoro (1478–1553), physician and scholar; first to state the germ theory of infection; regarded as the founder of scientific epidemiology
  • Luca Pacioli (1446/7–1517), mathematician and founder of accounting; popularized the system of double bookkeeping for keeping financial records; often cited as the father of modern accounting
  • Lodovico Ferrari (1522–1565), mathematician, famous for having discovered the solution of the general quartic equation
  • Luca Ghini (1490–1556), physician and botanist, best known as the creator of the first recorded herbarium and founder of the world's first botanical garden[6]
  • Aloysius Lilius (c. 1510–1576), astronomer and physician; principal author of the Gregorian Calendar (1582)
  • Gabriele Falloppio (1523–1562), anatomist and physician; important discoveries include the fallopian tubes, leading from uterus to ovaries
  • Scipione del Ferro (1465–1526), mathematician, the first to discover a method to solve the depressed cubic equation
  • Niccolò Fontana Tartaglia (1499–1557), mathematician who originated the science of ballistics[7]
  • Giambattista della Porta (c. 1535–1615), scholar and polymath, known for his work Magia Naturalis (1558), which dealt with alchemy, magic, and natural philosophy
  • Franciscus Patricius (1529–1597), philosopher and scientist, defender of Platonism and opponent of Aristotelianism, opposed the traditional view of the meaning of historical studies, which was usually restricted to moral instruction, with his concept of a broad, neutral, scientific historical research
  • Michele Mercati (1541–1593), physician, one of the first to recognize prehistoric stone tools as man-made
  • Rafael Bombelli (1526–1572), mathematician, a central figure in the understanding of imaginary numbers, was the first to document the rules of addition and multiplication of complex numbers
  • Ignazio Danti (1536–1586), Dominican mathematician, astronomer, cosmographer, and cartographer
  • Hieronymus Fabricius (1537–1619), anatomist and surgeon, called the founder of modern embryology
  • Leonardo Garzoni (1543–1592), Jesuit natural philosopher; author of the first known example of a modern treatment of magnetic phenomena
  • Guidobaldo del Monte (1545–1607), mathematician, philosopher and astronomer, a staunch friend of Galileo, wrote a highly influential book about perspective
  • Matteo Ricci (1552–1610), missionary to China, mathematician, linguist and published the first Chinese edition of Euclid's Elements
  • Giordano Bruno (1548–1600)
  • Pietro Cataldi (1548–1626), mathematician, discovered the sixth and seventh perfect numbers; his discovery of the 7th (for p=19) held the record for the largest known prime for almost two centuries, until Leonhard Euler discovered that 231 - 1 was the eighth Mersenne prime
  • Paolo Sarpi (1552–1623), historian, scientist, canon lawyer, and statesman on behalf of the Venetian Republic, highly critical of the Scholastic tradition, a proponent of the Copernican system, his extensive network of correspondents included Francis Bacon and William Harvey
  • Giovanni Antonio Magini (1555–1617), astronomer, astrologer, cartographer and mathematician, known for his reduced size edition of Ptolemy's Geographiae (1596)
  • Fausto Veranzio (1551–1617), polymath and inventor from the Republic of Venice; his most important work Machinae Novae describes 49 machines, tools and technical concepts that predated many future inventions
  • Prospero Alpini (1553–1617), physician and botanist, wrote several botanical treatises covering exotic plants; his description of coffee and banana plants are the oldest in European literature

17th century

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18th century

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19th century

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20th century

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Schlager, Neil; Lauer, Josh. Science and Its Times: 700–1449. Gale Group, 2001. p. 186. Web. 12 March 2011.
  2. ^ Howard Eves. An Introduction to the History of Mathematics. Brooks Cole, 1990: ISBN 0-03-029558-0 (6th ed.), p 261.
  3. ^ Pirotechnia. MIT Press. 15 March 1966. ISBN 9780262520171. Retrieved 2019-12-11.
  4. ^ "Giacomo Berengario da Carpi" Encyclopædia Britannica Online, 2011. Web 3 March 2011.
  5. ^ "Gaspare Aselli" Encyclopædia Britannica Online, 2011. Web 3 March 2011.
  6. ^ [1] Educational Voices in Botanic Garden Histories: From Luca Ghini to Lilian Clarkemore, Dawn Sanders, published in: "Gardens and Society." P. Baas & A. van der Staay (eds), ClusiusFoundation and National Herbarium of the Netherlands. Leiden, 2011.
  7. ^ "Niccolò Fontana Tartaglia" Encyclopædia Britannica Online, 2011. Web 3 March 2011.
  8. ^ "Galileo" Archived 2012-03-22 at the Wayback Machine McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science & Technology. Web. 3 March 2011.
  9. ^ "Giuseppe Campani" Encyclopædia Britannica Online, 2011. Web 3 March 2011.
  10. ^ Stargazer By Fred Watson, Inc NetLibrary Page 109
  11. ^ "Marcello Malpighi" Encyclopædia Britannica Online, 2011. Web 3 March 2011.
  12. ^ "Giovanni Maria Lancisi" Encyclopædia Britannica Online, 2011. Web 12 April 2011.
  13. ^ "Bernardino Ramazzini" Encyclopædia Britannica Online, 2011. Web 3 March 2011.
  14. ^ "Maria Gaetana Agnesi" Encyclopædia Britannica Online, 2011. Web 3 March 2011.
  15. ^ "Laura Bassi" Encyclopædia Britannica Online, 2011. Web 23 April 2011.
  16. ^ "Giovanni Arduino" Encyclopædia Britannica Online, 2011. Web 3 March 2011.
  17. ^ Kennedy, John F. (2008). A Nation of Immigrants. Perennial. pp. 15–16. ISBN 978-0061447549..
  18. ^ Filippo Mazzei, The Virginia Gazette, 1774. Translated by a friend and neighbor, Thomas Jefferson
  19. ^ According to Resolution 175 of the 103rd Congress: the phrase in the United States Declaration of Independence 'All men are created equal', was suggested by the Italian patriot and immigrant Filippo Mazzei.
  20. ^ Cajori, Florian. A history of mathematics. AMS Bookstore, 1991. p. 225. Web. 12 April 2011.
  21. ^ "Conte Alessandro Volta" Encyclopædia Britannica Online, 2011. Web 3 March 2011.
  22. ^ Fiorentino, Waldimaro. Italia patria di scienziati. Catinaccio, 2004. p. 34. Web. 20 February 2011. (in Italian)
  23. ^ Schrör, Karsten. Acetylsalicylic acid Archived 2012-10-25 at the Wayback Machine. Wiley-VCH, 2009. p. 6. Web. 3 March 2011.
  24. ^ [2] Public Health History Corner, 2011. Vincenzo Tiberio: a misunderstood researcher.
  25. ^ D'Ajutolo, Luisa Longhena; Nasi, Bianca Teglio (2021). "Storia Dell'Associazione Italiana Donne Medico (AIDM) (1921 - 2001)" [History of the Italian Association of Medical Women (AIDM) (1921 - 2001)] (PDF). donnemedico.org. Italian Association of Medical Women. Retrieved July 7, 2021.
  26. ^ Angiola Borrino, Virginia (2017). La mia vita. Hoepli. p. 5. ISBN 978-88-203-7934-6.
  27. ^ [3] ESA, History of Europe in space, Edoardo Amaldi
  28. ^ Hofmann, Paul. "2,500-Year-Old Altars Found Near Rome; Believed to Be Part of Lost Sanctuary of Lavinium ITALY UNEARTHS ANCIENT ALTARS." The New York Times May 13, 1959. p. 1.
  29. ^ "Radio Hall of Fame - Guglielmo Marconi, Pioneer". Archived from the original on 2012-05-05. Retrieved 2012-05-30. Radio Hall of Fame, Pioneer, Gugliemo Marconi.
  30. ^ [4], American Montessori Society, "Maria Montessori"
  31. ^ "Pier Paolo Pandolfi, Director, Cancer Genetics Programme, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University" Nature Publishing Group: science journals, jobs, and information. Web. 3 March 2011.
  32. ^ "Bruno Rossi, 88, Pioneer in Cosmic Ray Research" Archived 2014-11-18 at the Wayback Machine American Astronomical Society (AAS). Web. 3 March 2011.
  33. ^ [5], Cambridge, The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2013. Nazareno Strampelli, the ‘Prophet’ of the green revolution.
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